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Cost-benefit analysis of soil and water conservation measure: The case of exclosures in northern Ethiopia

机译：水土保持措施的成本效益分析：以埃塞俄比亚北部为例

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This paper is about the cost-benefit analysis of a specific soil andwater conservationmeasure, commonly termed as ‘exclosures’ in the case study area of this research, adopted in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. The analysis integrated available data on on-site and off-site effects of the conservation measure. Major benefit and costitems related to this specific measure were identified, quantified, and valued. Direct market prices and variantsof indirect environmental valuation techniques (cost based and productivity change methods) were employed in valuing the benefit and cost items included in the analysis. Our results indicate that establishing exclosures in degrading marginal lands generate a large positive net present value (NPV) of ETB 5620 ha−1. However, putting productive agricultural land under exclosures yields a negative NPV even under some hypothetical scenarios of 50% rise in prices of forest products and a social discount rate halved from the base rate of 8%. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the net present value is quite volatile to changes in biomass production and the social discount rate. Thus, appropriate forestmanagement schemes have to be adopted in order to maximize sustainable biomass production. Furthermore, factors such as credit constraints that affect local people's time preference should be addressed to induce local people to discount the future at lower rate.
机译：本文是关于一项特定的水土保持措施的成本效益分析，该措施在埃塞俄比亚北部的提格雷地区采用的本研究案例研究中通常称为“附件”。该分析整合了有关保护措施的现场和非现场效果的可用数据。确定，量化和评估了与该特定措施相关的主要收益和成本项目。在评估包括在分析中的收益和成本项目时，采用了直接市场价格和间接环境评估技术（基于成本的方法和生产率变化方法）的变体。我们的结果表明，在退化的边际土地上建立排泄物会产生ETB 5620 ha-1的较大的正净现值（NPV）。然而，即使在林木价格上涨50％，社会贴现率从8％的基础率减半的某些假设情景下，将生产性农业用地排除在外也会产生负的NPV。敏感性分析表明，净现值对于生物量生产和社会折现率的变化非常不稳定。因此，必须采用适当的森林管理计划，以使可持续的生物量生产最大化。此外，应解决诸如信贷约束之类的因素，这些因素会影响当地人的时间偏好，以诱使他们以较低的利率折现未来。

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